The areas controlled by the government of the Republic of China have varied over time. Many transportation systems had been controlled by foreigners, e.x. the South Manchuria railway, owned by the South Manchuria railway company . Some railways were taken back to Republic of China before World War II.

Transportation in the Republic of China in 1911–1937

Foreign-owned railways

South Manchuria railway

Longhai railway

East Chinese railway

Transportation in the Republic of China in Second Sino-Japanese War

Burma road （滇缅公路）

Transportation in the Republic of China after 1949

Railways: total: 1,496 km (2003) (all on the island of Taiwan )

Taiwan Railway Administration: 1,097 km (gauge: 1067 mm)

Taiwan Sugar Corporation: 240 km (gauge: 762 mm)

Taipei Rapid Transit System: 65 km (gauge: 1435 mm)

Forestry Bureau: 86 km (gauge: 762 mm)

Roads: total: 37342 km (2003)

highways: 20,947 km (including 872 km of freeways)

urban roads: 16,395, km

Pipelines: petroleum products 3,400 km; natural gas 1,800 km (1999)

Ports and harbors: Kaohsiung , Keelung , Taichung , Hualien, Su-ao, Anping

Merchant marine: 235 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,827,173 GRT/6,121,877 DWT (2003)
ships by type:

bulk 35

cargo 64

container 42

petroleum tanker 20

passager 38

other 36

Airports: 18 (civil, 2003)

length of runways:

over 3,047 m: 4

2,438 to 3,047 m: 5

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 1